marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome
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"Marfan" redirects here. For the man who discovered the syndrome, see Antoine Marfan.
Marfan syndrome
Classification and external resources

Micrograph demonstrating myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve - a common manifestation of Marfan syndrome.
ICD-10 Q87.4
ICD-9 759.82
OMIM 154700
DiseasesDB 7845
MedlinePlus 000418
eMedicine ped/1372 orthoped/414
MeSH D008382
Marfan syndrome (also called Marfan's syndrome) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.

It is sometimes inherited as a dominant trait. It is carried by a gene called FBN1, which encodes a connective protein called fibrillin-1.[1][2] People have a pair of FBN1 genes. Because it is dominant, people who have inherited one affected FBN1 gene from either parent will have Marfan's. This syndrome can run from mild to severe.

People with Marfan's are typically tall, with long limbs and long thin fingers.

The most serious complications are the defects of the heart valves and aorta. It may also affect the lungs, eyes, the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord, skeleton and the hard palate.

In addition to being a connective protein that forms the structural support for tissues outside the cell, the normal fibrillin-1 protein binds to another protein, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).[3] TGF-β has deleterious effects on vascular smooth muscle development and the integrity of the extracellular matrix. Researchers now believe that secondary to mutated fibrillin there is excessive TGF-β at the lungs, heart valves, and aorta, and this weakens the tissues and causes the features of Marfan syndrome. [4]Since angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) also reduce TGF-β, they have tested this by giving ARBs (losartan, etc.) to a small sample of young, severely affected Marfan syndrome patients. In some patients, the growth of the aorta was indeed reduced.[5]

It is named after Antoine Marfan,[6] the French pediatrician who first described the condition in 1896 after noticing striking features in a 5-year-old girl.[7][8] The gene linked to the disease was first identified by Francesco Ramirez at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City in 1991.[9]